膝关节单髁置换术早中期并发症分析

1目的探讨膝关节单髁置换术（UKA）早中期并发症的原因及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2003～2013年本组行UKA共217膝的临床结果,对早中期并发症进行分析。男46膝,女171膝,平均年龄65．3岁。术前诊断为膝关节骨关节炎201膝,骨坏死16膝。结果术后平均随访5．8年,患者满意率87％,疼痛缓解率93％,膝活动度123°,HSS评分92分。所有病例无临床深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生,无手术死亡病例。术后全膝关节置换翻修3例：1例假体松动、1例假体周围感染、1例对侧间室骨关节炎。Oxford半月板衬垫脱位2例,手术更换大号半月板衬垫。另有对侧间室骨关节炎1例未进行翻修。结论膝关节UKA治疗膝关节内侧间室病变中短期疗效满意,但存在特有并发症,应严格手术适应证、掌握手术操作原则及技术,完善围手术期处理,减少并发症的发生。     

关节镜下诊治人工膝关节置换术后痛性弹响3例并文献复习

目的探讨膝关节镜在人工膝关节置换术后痛性弹响中的应用价值。方法在人工膝关节置换术后疼痛伴有弹响的患者中,选择没有明显骨质破坏、假体没有松动的患者3例,在硬膜外麻醉下行关节镜检查,镜下发现膝关节内有增生的纤维结节及纤维束带,动态检查发现关节痛性弹响系增生的纤维束和纤维结节受到卡压所致,行关节镜下清理术。结果3例患者手术后关节疼痛及弹响症状消失,随访0.5～2年无复发,手术前患者的HSS评分为64分(62～70分),手术后增加到86分(84～88分)。结论关节镜下对人工膝关节置换术后痛性弹响的患者进行关节清理术有较好的疗效,是一种创伤小、风险小、治疗效果满意的诊治方法。     

全膝置换术围术期镇痛方案的研究进展

近年来,我国全膝置换手术逐年增多,在手术技术日趋完善的同时,术后康复逐渐被广大骨科医师所重视,而影响术后康复的种种问题中,镇痛尤为重要.现阶段全膝置换围术期的镇痛措施有很多,例如传统的口服镇痛药物、对膝关节周围支配神经进行神经阻滞以及一些物理疗法等.随着科技的进步,新方法也在不断涌现,无论何种方法都各有利弊,但均发挥着无可替代的作用.     

全膝关节置换术血管损伤并发症的研究进展

全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是治疗中晚期膝关节疾病的有效方法,手术数量在国内外迅速增加[1,2].在膝关节置换取得良好的治疗效果的同时,其相关并发症越来越受到人们重视,虽然血管损伤这种并发症相对少见,但危险性很大,后果严重,严重者可以导致手术失败,甚至截肢、死亡.因此,血管损伤潜在的风险需引起所有关节外科医生的注意.     

软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死软骨改变

目的 运用软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死的软骨改变,研究股骨头坏死塌陷前后软骨的改变规律.方法 采用软骨延迟增强核磁成像技术,对每名受试者进行钆增强延迟核磁共振扫描,应用MATLAB和Mrimapper软件进行数据处理,分别获得股骨头软骨感兴趣区的TIGd数据.样本为成人激素性股骨头坏死国际骨坏死与循环协会(ARCO)分期Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者和健康志愿者,分为3组,A组:ARCO Ⅱ期,11髋;B组:ARCO Ⅲ期,13髋;C组:健康对照组为无髋关节疾病的健康正常成年人,10髋.结果 A组T1Gd值为420±60,B组T1Gd值为361±54,C组T1Gd值为538±26,A组、B组患者T1Gd值与C组相比差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).股骨头坏死塌陷后期T1Gd值较塌陷前T1Gd值低14%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 股骨头坏死塌陷前的ARCO Ⅱ期股骨头关节软骨已经发生代谢变化,塌陷后ARCO Ⅲ期更加明显,说明骨坏死塌陷前期即影响关节关节软骨的代谢功能,并随坏死程度的加重而加重.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

Cartilage changes of femoral head osteonecrosis in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ as detected by dGEMRIC

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

膝关节骨关节炎生物力学的研究进展

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）是一种以软骨磨损为特点的退行性关节病,主要发生在中老年人,严重困扰人民健康,使至少10％的人丧失劳动能力.流行病学的研究估计,仅在美国大约有4300万人受影响,全世界大约有15％人口受到困扰.它不仅给社会,也给患者带来巨大的心理和经济负担[1].OA通常被认为是一个多因素导致的关节病,包括机械应力增加、力线异常、软骨退化、软骨下骨改变和肌肉软组织损伤.继发滑膜炎也在OA发生发展中扮演了重要的角色,尤其在早期阶段.生物力学在OA发生发展中的作用更是越来越受到人们重视.目前有研究指出,生物力学因素在OA发病中起到了瀑布效应[2].本文将主要对OA发生发展的不同生物力学因素进行讨论,现综述如下.     

Cartilage changes of femoral head osteonecrosis in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ as detected by dGEMRIC

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

全球Oxford单髁大师研讨会纪要

由英国牛津大学、英国皇家外科学院院士John Goodfellow教授和John 0'Connor博士设计开发的Oxford单髁置换系统1976年首次在临床应用,至今已经走过了35年.为庆祝这个有意义的历史时刻,2012年9月24 ～25日在研发地英国牛津大学Keble学院举办了全球Oxford单髁大师研讨会,来自世界各地的100多名从事单髁关节置换的骨科医生聚集一堂,共同回顾Oxford单髁35年的历程,各自交流心得,共同探讨Oxford单髁临床应用的未来.     

浓缩自体骨髓移植治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的探讨富含单个核细胞的浓缩骨髓血移植治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法应用自体骨髓血浓缩技术,在术中完成骨髓血采集、含有骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）的骨髓浓集,通过细针多孔减压手术回植入股骨头坏死区,治疗非创伤性股骨头坏死45例（59髋）,男36例,女9例;年龄16—56岁,平均37．5岁,其中根据国际骨循环学会（ARCO）分期,Ⅰ期2髋,Ⅱ期48髋,ⅢA期9髋,激素性20例（29髋）,酒精性18例（22髋）,特发性7例（8髋）。对浓集集前后包含BMSCs的骨髓单个核细胞（BMMCs）计数,分析年龄、性别、病种对BMMCs的影响;平均随访27．64个月（12—40个月）,结合Harris评分和影像学检查综合评定临床疗效。结果平均抽取骨髓血（126±15）ml,经浓集后BMMCs数量从（12．23±3．2）×10^6／ml增加到了（35．23±12）×10^6／ml。BMMCs细胞数量与年龄,病因和性别有一定相关性,酒精性患者要多于激素性患者,40岁以上患者细胞数量降低。临床总体成功率为79．66％（影像学有效率为76．27％）,其中Ⅰ期100％,U期87．5％,ⅢA期成功率44％,激素性坏死患者预后较差。Harris评分手术前后比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论富含单个核细胞的浓缩骨髓血移植技术是一种快速、简便、安全的临床细胞治疗手段,与髓心减压技术一起可以有效缓解各期的股骨头坏死患者症状,并在一定程度上防止股骨头塌陷或进展。